Differences between Snap, Flatpak, and DEB (PPA/Apt) packages in Linux
Linux offers multiple methods for installing software, each with its advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we explore the differences between DEB packages managed with apt, Canonical's Snaps, and Flatpaks.
What is a package manager in Linux?
A package manager is a tool that facilitates the installation, update, and removal of software in Linux. It also manages dependencies, ensuring that all components needed to run an application are present in the system.
Ubuntu and many other Debian-based distributions use `apt` as their traditional package manager. However, Canonical has promoted the use of Snap in recent versions of Ubuntu. Flatpak, developed by the community, has become another popular alternative, especially in distributions like Fedora.
DEB Packages and the Apt Package Manager
DEB packages (`.deb`) are the native format of Debian and Ubuntu. They are managed through `apt` or `dpkg`, allowing for complete integration with the system.
Advantages of DEB packages
- Full system integration: applications can interact directly with other system tools and libraries.
- Better performance: being natively installed, applications run more efficiently compared to Snaps and Flatpaks.
- Extensive availability: most software for Ubuntu and Debian is available in DEB format.
Disadvantages of DEB packages
- Dependency conflicts: if an application needs to update a shared library, it can affect other applications that depend on it.
- Issues with major updates: when upgrading Ubuntu, some applications may stop working due to changes in dependencies.
Snaps: Canonical's solution
Snap is a package format developed by Canonical. It differs from DEB packages because it includes all dependencies within a single package and runs in an isolated environment.
Advantages of Snap packages
- Better integration with Ubuntu: Canonical has optimized Snaps to work perfectly in Ubuntu.
- Automatic updates: Snap packages update in the background without user intervention.
- Application isolation: running in a container, Snaps do not affect the base system and offer greater security.
Disadvantages of Snap packages
- Slower performance: Snap isolation can result in longer startup times and higher resource consumption.
- Limited availability: not all applications are available in Snap format.
- Larger size: Snaps include all their dependencies, increasing their disk size.
Flatpak: a more universal solution
Flatpak is a package system developed to offer compatibility across multiple Linux distributions. Like Snap, it provides an isolated environment and packages all necessary dependencies.
Advantages of Flatpak packages
- Cross-distribution compatibility: a Flatpak can run on different distributions without modifications.
- Greater software availability: the Flathub platform offers a wide variety of applications in Flatpak format.
- Application isolation: like Snap, Flatpak enhances system security by running applications in isolated environments.
Disadvantages of Flatpak packages
- No automatic updates: Flatpak packages do not update automatically unless the distribution implements its own update system.
- Variable performance: in some cases, Flatpak isolation can result in slower execution than a native DEB package.
- Higher space consumption: including their dependencies, Flatpak packages can take up more disk space.
Which is the best option?
The choice between DEB, Snap, and Flatpak depends on the specific use case:
- For maximum performance and system compatibility, DEB packages are the best choice.
- For ease of use and automatic updates, Snap is ideal on Ubuntu.
- For cross-distribution compatibility and greater software availability, Flatpak is the best alternative.
Many users combine these methods according to their needs. Understanding their differences allows for better software management on a Linux system and ensures an optimal experience.
